List of OGGM functions and tasks#

This page lists all available functions and classes in OGGM. It is a hard work to keep everything up-to-date, so don’t hesitate to let us know (see Get in touch) if something’s missing, or help us (see Contributing to OGGM) to write a better documentation!

Workflow#

Tools to set-up and run OGGM.

cfg.initialize

Read the configuration file containing the run's parameters.

cfg.initialize_minimal

Same as initialise() but without requiring any download of data.

cfg.set_logging_config

Set the global logger parameters.

cfg.set_intersects_db

Set the glacier intersection database for OGGM to use.

cfg.reset_working_dir

Deletes the content of the working directory.

cfg.add_to_basenames

Add an entry to the list of BASENAMES.

workflow.init_glacier_directories

Initializes the list of Glacier Directories for this run.

workflow.execute_entity_task

Execute a task on gdirs.

workflow.gis_prepro_tasks

Run all flowline preprocessing tasks on a list of glaciers.

workflow.inversion_tasks

Run all ice thickness inversion tasks on a list of glaciers.

workflow.merge_glacier_tasks

Shortcut function: run all tasks to merge tributaries to a main glacier

workflow.calibrate_inversion_from_consensus

Fit the total volume of the glaciers to the 2019 consensus estimate.

Troubleshooting#

utils.show_versions

Prints the OGGM version and other system information.

Input/Output#

utils.get_demo_file

Returns the path to the desired OGGM-sample-file.

utils.get_rgi_dir

Path to the RGI directory.

utils.get_rgi_region_file

Path to the RGI region file.

utils.get_rgi_glacier_entities

Get a list of glacier outlines selected from their RGI IDs.

utils.get_rgi_intersects_dir

Path to the RGI directory containing the intersect files.

utils.get_rgi_intersects_region_file

Path to the RGI regional intersect file.

utils.get_rgi_intersects_entities

Get a list of glacier intersects selected from their RGI IDs.

utils.get_ref_mb_glaciers

Get the list of glaciers we have valid mass balance measurements for.

utils.copy_to_basedir

Copies the glacier directories and their content to a new location.

utils.gdir_to_tar

Writes the content of a glacier directory to a tar file.

utils.base_dir_to_tar

Merge the directories into 1000 bundles as tar files.

utils.cook_rgidf

Convert a glacier inventory into a dataset looking like the RGI (OGGM ready).

global_tasks.write_centerlines_to_shape

Write the centerlines to a shapefile.

global_tasks.compile_glacier_statistics

Gather as much statistics as possible about a list of glaciers.

global_tasks.compile_run_output

Compiles the output of the model runs of several gdirs into one file.

global_tasks.compile_climate_input

Merge the climate input files in the glacier directories into one file.

global_tasks.compile_task_log

Gathers the log output for the selected task(s)

global_tasks.compile_task_time

Gathers the time needed for the selected task(s) to run

global_tasks.compile_fixed_geometry_mass_balance

Compiles a table of specific mass balance timeseries for all glaciers.

global_tasks.compile_climate_statistics

Gather as much statistics as possible about a list of glaciers.

global_tasks.compile_ela

Compiles a table of ELA timeseries for all glaciers for a given years, using the mb_model_class (default MonthlyTIModel).

OGGM Shop#

shop.cru.get_cru_file

Returns a path to the desired CRU baseline climate file.

shop.cru.process_cru_data

Processes and writes the CRU baseline climate data for this glacier.

shop.cru.process_dummy_cru_file

Create a simple baseline climate file for this glacier - for testing!

shop.ecmwf.get_ecmwf_file

Returns a path to the desired ECMWF baseline climate file.

shop.ecmwf.process_ecmwf_data

Processes and writes the ECMWF baseline climate data for this glacier.

shop.histalp.get_histalp_file

Returns a path to the desired HISTALP baseline climate file.

shop.histalp.process_histalp_data

Processes and writes the HISTALP baseline climate data for this glacier.

shop.gcm_climate.process_gcm_data

Applies the anomaly method to GCM climate data

shop.gcm_climate.process_cesm_data

Processes and writes CESM climate data for this glacier.

shop.gcm_climate.process_cmip_data

Read, process and store the CMIP5 and CMIP6 climate data for this glacier.

shop.bedtopo.add_consensus_thickness

Add the consensus thickness estimate to the gridded_data file.

shop.its_live.velocity_to_gdir

Reproject the its_live files to the given glacier directory.

shop.rgitopo.init_glacier_directories_from_rgitopo

Initialize a glacier directory from an RGI-TOPO DEM.

shop.rgitopo.select_dem_from_dir

Select a DEM from the ones available in an RGI-TOPO glacier directory.

shop.rgitopo.dem_quality_check

Run a simple quality check on the rgitopo DEMs

Entity tasks#

Entity tasks are tasks which are applied on single glaciers individually and do not require information from other glaciers (this encompasses the majority of OGGM’s tasks). They are parallelizable.

tasks.define_glacier_region

Very first task after initialization: define the glacier's local grid.

tasks.process_dem

Reads the DEM from the tiff, attempts to fill voids and apply smooth.

tasks.glacier_masks

Makes a gridded mask of the glacier outlines that can be used by OGGM.

tasks.simple_glacier_masks

Compute glacier masks based on much simpler rules than OGGM's default.

tasks.rasterio_glacier_mask

Writes a 1-0 glacier mask GeoTiff with the same dimensions as dem.tif

tasks.gridded_attributes

Adds attributes to the gridded file, useful for thickness interpolation.

tasks.gridded_mb_attributes

Adds mass balance related attributes to the gridded data file.

tasks.gridded_data_var_to_geotiff

Writes a NetCDF variable to a georeferenced geotiff file.

tasks.compute_centerlines

Compute the centerlines following Kienholz et al., (2014).

tasks.compute_downstream_line

Computes the Flowline along the unglaciated downstream topography

tasks.compute_downstream_bedshape

The bedshape obtained by fitting a parabola to the line's normals.

tasks.catchment_area

Compute the catchment areas of each tributary line.

tasks.catchment_intersections

Computes the intersections between the catchments.

tasks.initialize_flowlines

Computes more physical Inversion Flowlines from geometrical Centerlines

tasks.catchment_width_geom

Compute geometrical catchment widths for each point of the flowlines.

tasks.catchment_width_correction

Corrects for NaNs and inconsistencies in the geometrical widths.

tasks.terminus_width_correction

Sets a new value for the terminus width.

tasks.elevation_band_flowline

Compute "squeezed" or "collapsed" glacier flowlines from Huss 2012.

tasks.fixed_dx_elevation_band_flowline

Converts the "collapsed" flowline into a regular "inversion flowline".

tasks.process_climate_data

Adds the selected climate data to this glacier directory.

tasks.process_custom_climate_data

Processes and writes the climate data from a user-defined climate file.

tasks.mb_calibration_from_scalar_mb

Determine the mass balance parameters from a scalar mass-balance value.

tasks.mb_calibration_from_geodetic_mb

Calibrate for geodetic MB data from Hugonnet et al., 2021.

tasks.mb_calibration_from_wgms_mb

Calibrate for in-situ, annual MB.

tasks.apparent_mb_from_linear_mb

Compute apparent mb from a linear mass balance assumption (for testing).

tasks.apparent_mb_from_any_mb

Compute apparent mb from an arbitrary mass balance profile.

tasks.fixed_geometry_mass_balance

Computes the mass balance with climate input from e.g.

tasks.compute_ela

Computes the ELA of a glacier for a for given years and climate.

tasks.process_cru_data

Processes and writes the CRU baseline climate data for this glacier.

tasks.process_dummy_cru_file

Create a simple baseline climate file for this glacier - for testing!

tasks.process_histalp_data

Processes and writes the HISTALP baseline climate data for this glacier.

tasks.process_ecmwf_data

Processes and writes the ECMWF baseline climate data for this glacier.

tasks.process_gcm_data

Applies the anomaly method to GCM climate data

tasks.process_cesm_data

Processes and writes CESM climate data for this glacier.

tasks.process_cmip_data

Read, process and store the CMIP5 and CMIP6 climate data for this glacier.

tasks.historical_delta_method

Applies the anomaly method to historical climate data.

tasks.prepare_for_inversion

Prepares the data needed for the inversion.

tasks.mass_conservation_inversion

Compute the glacier thickness along the flowlines

tasks.filter_inversion_output

Filters the last few grid points after the physically-based inversion.

tasks.get_inversion_volume

Small utility task to get to the volume od all glaciers.

tasks.compute_inversion_velocities

Surface velocities along the flowlines from inverted ice thickness.

tasks.distribute_thickness_per_altitude

Compute a thickness map by redistributing mass along altitudinal bands.

tasks.distribute_thickness_interp

Compute a thickness map by interpolating between centerlines and border.

tasks.find_inversion_calving_from_any_mb

Optimized search for a calving flux compatible with the bed inversion.

tasks.init_present_time_glacier

Merges data from preprocessing tasks.

tasks.flowline_model_run

Runs a model simulation with the default time stepping scheme.

tasks.run_random_climate

Runs the random mass balance model for a given number of years.

tasks.run_from_climate_data

Runs a glacier with climate input from e.g.

tasks.run_constant_climate

Runs the constant mass balance model for a given number of years.

tasks.merge_consecutive_run_outputs

Merges the output of two model_diagnostics files into one.

tasks.run_dynamic_spinup

Dynamically spinup the glacier to match area or volume at the RGI date.

tasks.run_dynamic_melt_f_calibration

Calibrate melt_f to match a geodetic mass balance incorporating a dynamic model run.

tasks.copy_to_basedir

Copies the glacier directories and their content to a new location.

tasks.gdir_to_tar

Writes the content of a glacier directory to a tar file.

Global tasks#

Global tasks are tasks which are run on a set of glaciers (most often: all glaciers in the current run). They are not parallelizable at the user level but might use multiprocessing internally.

global_tasks.gis_prepro_tasks

Run all flowline preprocessing tasks on a list of glaciers.

global_tasks.inversion_tasks

Run all ice thickness inversion tasks on a list of glaciers.

global_tasks.calibrate_inversion_from_consensus

Fit the total volume of the glaciers to the 2019 consensus estimate.

global_tasks.merge_glacier_tasks

Shortcut function: run all tasks to merge tributaries to a main glacier

global_tasks.get_ref_mb_glaciers

Get the list of glaciers we have valid mass balance measurements for.

global_tasks.write_centerlines_to_shape

Write the centerlines to a shapefile.

global_tasks.compile_run_output

Compiles the output of the model runs of several gdirs into one file.

global_tasks.compile_climate_input

Merge the climate input files in the glacier directories into one file.

global_tasks.compile_task_log

Gathers the log output for the selected task(s)

global_tasks.compile_task_time

Gathers the time needed for the selected task(s) to run

global_tasks.compile_glacier_statistics

Gather as much statistics as possible about a list of glaciers.

global_tasks.compile_fixed_geometry_mass_balance

Compiles a table of specific mass balance timeseries for all glaciers.

global_tasks.compile_climate_statistics

Gather as much statistics as possible about a list of glaciers.

global_tasks.compile_ela

Compiles a table of ELA timeseries for all glaciers for a given years, using the mb_model_class (default MonthlyTIModel).

Command line interface (CLI)#

These commands are available:

  • oggm_netrc_credentials

  • oggm_prepro

  • oggm_benchmark

cli.prepro_levels.run_prepro_levels

Generate the preprocessed OGGM glacier directories for this OGGM version

Classes#

Listed here are the classes which are relevant at the API level (i.e. classes which are used and re-used across modules and tasks).

GlacierDirectory

Organizes read and write access to the glacier's files.

Centerline

Geometry (line and widths) and flow rooting properties, but no thickness

Flowline

A Centerline with additional properties: input to the FlowlineModel

MassBalanceModel

Interface and common logic for all mass balance models used in OGGM.

MassBalanceModel.get_monthly_mb

Monthly mass balance at given altitude(s) for a moment in time.

MassBalanceModel.get_annual_mb

Like self.get_monthly_mb(), but for annual MB.

MassBalanceModel.get_specific_mb

Specific mb for this year and a specific glacier geometry.

MassBalanceModel.get_ela

Compute the equilibrium line altitude for a given year.

FlowlineModel

Interface to OGGM's flowline models

FileModel

Duck FlowlineModel which actually reads data out of a nc file.

Glacier directories#

Glacier directories (see also: GlacierDirectory) are folders on disk which store the input and output data for a single glacier during an OGGM run. The data are on disk to be persistent, i.e. they won’t be deleted unless you ask OGGM to. You can start a run from an existing directory, avoiding to re-do unnecessary computations.

Initialising a glacier directory#

The easiest way to initialize a glacier directory is to start from a pre-processed state available on the OGGM servers:

In [1]: import os

In [2]: import oggm

In [3]: from oggm import cfg, workflow

In [4]: from oggm.utils import gettempdir

In [5]: cfg.initialize()  # always initialize before an OGGM task

# The working directory is where OGGM will store the run's data
In [6]: cfg.PATHS['working_dir'] = os.path.join(gettempdir(), 'Docs_GlacierDir')

# The base url is where to find the pre-processed directories
In [7]: base_url = 'https://cluster.klima.uni-bremen.de/~oggm/gdirs/oggm_v1.6/L1-L2_files/elev_bands/'

In [8]: gdirs = workflow.init_glacier_directories('RGI60-11.00897',
   ...:                                           from_prepro_level=1,
   ...:                                           prepro_base_url=base_url,
   ...:                                           prepro_border=10)
   ...: 

In [9]: gdir = gdirs[0]  # init_glacier_directories always returns a list

We just downloaded the minimal input for a glacier directory. The GlacierDirectory object contains the glacier metadata:

In [10]: gdir
Out[10]: 
<oggm.GlacierDirectory>
  RGI id: RGI60-11.00897
  Region: 11: Central Europe
  Subregion: 11-01: Alps                            
  Name: Hintereisferner
  Glacier type: Glacier
  Terminus type: Land-terminating
  Status: Glacier or ice cap
  Area: 8.036 km2
  Lon, Lat: (10.7584, 46.8003)
  Grid (nx, ny): (139, 94)
  Grid (dx, dy): (50.0, -50.0)

In [11]: gdir.rgi_id
Out[11]: 'RGI60-11.00897'

It also points to a specific directory in disk, where the files are written to:

In [12]: gdir.dir
Out[12]: '/tmp/OGGM/Docs_GlacierDir/per_glacier/RGI60-11/RGI60-11.00/RGI60-11.00897'

In [13]: os.listdir(gdir.dir)
Out[13]: 
['diagnostics.json',
 'outlines.tar.gz',
 'dem.tif',
 'glacier_grid.json',
 'dem_source.txt',
 'intersects.tar.gz',
 'log.txt']

Users usually don’t have to care about where the data is located. GlacierDirectory objects help you to get this information:

In [14]: fdem = gdir.get_filepath('dem')

In [15]: fdem
Out[15]: '/tmp/OGGM/Docs_GlacierDir/per_glacier/RGI60-11/RGI60-11.00/RGI60-11.00897/dem.tif'

In [16]: import rioxarray as rioxr

In [17]: rioxr.open_rasterio(fdem).plot(cmap='terrain');
_images/plot_gdir_dem.png

This persistence on disk allows for example to continue a workflow that has been previously interrupted. Initialising a GlacierDirectory from a non-empty folder won’t erase its content:

In [18]: gdir = workflow.init_glacier_directories('RGI60-11.00897')[0]

In [19]: os.listdir(gdir.dir)  # the directory still contains the data
Out[19]: 
['diagnostics.json',
 'outlines.tar.gz',
 'dem.tif',
 'glacier_grid.json',
 'dem_source.txt',
 'intersects.tar.gz',
 'log.txt']

For more information about how to use GlacierDirectories, visit our tutorial on the topic.

cfg.BASENAMES#

This is a list of the files that can be found in the glacier directory or its divides. These data files and their names are standardized and listed in the oggm.cfg module. If you want to implement your own task you’ll have to add an entry to this file too.

catchments_intersects.shp

The intersections between catchments (shapefile) in the local map projection.

centerlines.pkl

A list of oggm.Centerline instances, sorted by flow order.

climate_historical.nc

The historical monthly climate timeseries stored in a netCDF file.

climate_historical_daily.nc

The historical daily climate timeseries stored in a netCDF file.(only temperature is really changing on daily basis,precipitation is just assumed constant for every day

dem.tif

A geotiff file containing the DEM (reprojected into the local grid).This DEM is not smoothed or gap files, and is the closest to the original DEM source.

dem_source.txt

A text file with the source of the topo file (GIMP, SRTM, …).

diagnostics.json

A dictionary containing runtime diagnostics useful for debugging or logging of run parameters.

downstream_line.pkl

A dictionary containing the downstream line geometry as well as the bed shape computed from a parabolic fit.

elevation_band_flowline.csv

A table containing the Huss&Farinotti 2012 squeezed flowlines.

fl_diagnostics.nc

A group netcdf file containing the model diagnostics (volume, thickness, velocity…) along the flowlines (thus much heavier).Netcdf groups = fl_{i}, with i between 0 and n_flowlines - 1

flowline_catchments.shp

Each flowline has a catchment area computed from flow routing algorithms: this shapefile stores the catchment outlines (in the local map projection).

gcm_data.nc

The monthly GCM climate timeseries stored in a netCDF file.

geometries.pkl

A dictionary containing the shapely.Polygons of a glacier. The “polygon_hr” entry contains the geometry transformed to the local grid in (i, j) coordinates, while the “polygon_pix” entry contains the geometries transformed into the coarse grid (the i, j elements are integers). The “polygon_area” entry contains the area of the polygon as computed by Shapely. The “catchment_indices” entrycontains a list of len n_centerlines, each element containing a numpy array of the indices in the glacier grid which represent the centerlines catchment area.

glacier_grid.json

A salem.Grid handling the georeferencing of the local grid.

glacier_mask.tif

A glacier mask geotiff file with the same extend and projection as the dem.tif. This geotiff has value 1 at glaciated grid points and value 0 at unglaciated points.

glathida_data.csv

A csv file containing ice thickness observations from the GlaThiDa database. Only available when added from the shop, and only for about 2800 glaciers worldwide.

gridded_data.nc

A netcdf file containing several gridded data variables such as topography, the glacier masks, the interpolated 2D glacier bed, and more. This is for static, non time-dependant data.

gridded_simulation.nc

A netcdf file containing gridded data variables which are time dependant. It has the same coordinates as gridded_data.

hypsometry.csv

A hypsometry file computed by OGGM and provided in the same format as the RGI (useful for diagnostics).

intersects.shp

The glacier intersects in the local map projection.

inversion_flowlines.pkl

A “better” version of the centerlines, now on a regular spacing i.e., not on the gridded (i, j) indices. The tails of the tributaries are cut out to make more realistic junctions. They are now “1.5D” i.e., with a width.

inversion_input.pkl

List of dicts containing the data needed for the inversion.

inversion_output.pkl

List of dicts containing the output data from the inversion.

linear_mb_params.pkl

When using a linear mass balance for the inversion, this dict stores the optimal ela_h and grad.

mb_calib.json

A dict containing the glacier’s mass balance calibration parameters.

model_diagnostics.nc

A netcdf file containing the model diagnostics (volume, mass balance, length…).

model_flowlines.pkl

List of flowlines ready to be run by the model.

model_geometry.nc

A netcdf file containing enough information to reconstruct the entire flowline glacier geometry along the run (can be expensive in disk space).

outlines.shp

The glacier outlines in the local map projection (Transverse Mercator or UTM).

Mass balance#

Mass balance models found in the core.massbalance module.

They follow the MassBalanceModel interface. Here is a quick summary of the units and conventions used by all models:

Units#

The computed mass balance is in units of [m ice s-1] (“meters of ice per second”), unless otherwise specified (e.g. for the utility function get_specific_mb). The conversion from the climatic mass balance ([kg m-2 s-1] ) therefore assumes an ice density given by cfg.PARAMS['ice_density'] (currently: 900 kg m-3).

Time#

The time system used by OGGM is a simple “fraction of year” system, where the floating year can be used for conversion to months and years:

In [20]: from oggm.utils import floatyear_to_date, date_to_floatyear

In [21]: date_to_floatyear(1982, 12)
Out[21]: 1982.9166666666667

In [22]: floatyear_to_date(1.2)
Out[22]: (1, 3)

Interface#

MassBalanceModel

Interface and common logic for all mass balance models used in OGGM.

MassBalanceModel.get_monthly_mb

Monthly mass balance at given altitude(s) for a moment in time.

MassBalanceModel.get_annual_mb

Like self.get_monthly_mb(), but for annual MB.

MassBalanceModel.get_specific_mb

Specific mb for this year and a specific glacier geometry.

MassBalanceModel.get_ela

Compute the equilibrium line altitude for a given year.

Models#

LinearMassBalance

Constant mass balance as a linear function of altitude.

MonthlyTIModel

Monthly temperature index model.

ConstantMassBalance

Constant mass balance during a chosen period.

RandomMassBalance

Random shuffle of all MB years within a given time period.

UncertainMassBalance

Adding uncertainty to a mass balance model.

MultipleFlowlineMassBalance

Handle mass balance at the glacier level instead of flowline level.

Model Flowlines#

Flowlines are what represent a glacier in OGGM. During the preprocessing stage of a glacier simulation these lines evolve from simple topography following lines to more abstract objects within the model.

This chapter provides an overview on the different line types, how to access the model flowlines and their attributes.

Hierarchy#

First a short summary of the evolution or the hierarchy of these different flowline stages:

geometrical centerlines

These lines are calculated following the algorithm of Kienholz et al., (2014). They determine where the subsequent flowlines are situated and how many of them are needed for one glacier. The main task for this calculation is compute_centerlines(). These lines are not stored within a specific OGGM class but are stored within the GlacierDirectory as shapely objects.

inversion flowlines

To use the geometrical lines within the model they are transformed to Centerline objects. This is done within initialize_flowlines() where the lines are projected onto a xy-grid with regular spaced line-points. This step also takes care of tributary junctions. These lines are then in a later step also used for the bed inversion, hence their name.

downstream line

This line extends the glacier’s centerline along the unglaciated glacier bed which is necessary for advancing glaciers. This line is calculated along the valley floor to the end of the domain boundary within compute_downstream_line().

model flowlines

The dynamical OGGM model finally uses lines of the class Flowline for all simulations. These flowlines are created by init_present_time_glacier(), which combines information from several preprocessing steps, the downstream line and the bed inversion. From a user perspective, especially if preprocessed directories are used, these model flowlines are the most important ones and further information on the class interface and attributes are given below.

Access#

The easiest and most common way to access the model flowlines of a glacier is with its GlacierDirectory. For this we initialize a minimal working example including the model flowlines. This is achieved by choosing preprocessing level 5.

In [23]: import os

In [24]: import oggm

In [25]: from oggm import cfg, workflow, DEFAULT_BASE_URL

In [26]: from oggm.utils import gettempdir

In [27]: cfg.initialize()  # always initialize before an OGGM task

# The working directory is where OGGM will store the run's data
In [28]: cfg.PATHS['working_dir'] = os.path.join(gettempdir(), 'Docs_GlacierDir2')

# The prepro_base_url is where to find the pre-processed directories
In [29]: gdirs = workflow.init_glacier_directories('RGI60-11.00897',
   ....:                                           from_prepro_level=5,
   ....:                                           prepro_base_url=DEFAULT_BASE_URL,
   ....:                                           prepro_border=80)
   ....: 

In [30]: gdir = gdirs[0]  # init_glacier_directories always returns a list

In [31]: fls = gdir.read_pickle('model_flowlines')

In [32]: fls
Out[32]: [<oggm.core.flowline.MixedBedFlowline at 0x7f3f900f1bb0>]

In [33]: [fl.order for fl in fls]
Out[33]: [0]

This glacier has three flowlines of type MixedBedFlowline provided as a list. And the flowlines are ordered by ascending Strahler numbers, where the last entry in the list is always the longest and very often most relevant flowline of that glacier.

Type of model flowlines#

Flowline

A Centerline with additional properties: input to the FlowlineModel

MixedBedFlowline

A Flowline which can take a combination of different shapes (default)

ParabolicBedFlowline

A parabolic shaped Flowline with one degree of freedom

RectangularBedFlowline

Simple shaped Flowline, glacier width does not change with ice thickness

TrapezoidalBedFlowline

A Flowline with trapezoidal shape and two degrees of freedom

Important flowline functions#

centerlines.initialize_flowlines

Computes more physical Inversion Flowlines from geometrical Centerlines

centerlines.compute_centerlines

Compute the centerlines following Kienholz et al., (2014).

centerlines.compute_downstream_line

Computes the Flowline along the unglaciated downstream topography

flowline.init_present_time_glacier

Merges data from preprocessing tasks.